
This analysis assumes that the Iranian regime - the belligerent of relative disadvantage and of closed, authoritarian decision-making processes - will resort to unconstrained horizontal escalation while the United States and Israel – the belligerents with significant advantages in capabilities and with institutional constraints embodied in democratic processes and open societies. It is assumed that while the United States and Israel will maintain escalatory measures that are focused primarily on the Iranian regime and incidentally on the Iranian population, the Iranian regime will be indiscriminate in its horizontal escalation.